Isingeniso
Lapho kukhiqizwa imishini yamakhemikhali ne-petroleum, ukuze kugcinwe i-nickel ebizayo, insimbi ivame ukushiselwa ku-nickel nama-alloys.
Izinkinga eziyinhloko ze-welding
Lapho i-weld i-weld, izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-weld ziyi-iron ne-nickel, ezikwazi ukuncibilika okungapheli futhi azenzi izinhlanganisela ze-intermetallic. Ngokuvamile, okuqukethwe kwe-nickel ku-weld kuphakeme kakhulu, ngakho-ke endaweni yokuhlanganisa yejoyinti elishiselwe, akukho ungqimba wokusabalalisa owenziwe. Inkinga enkulu nge-welding ukuthambekela kokukhiqiza i-porosity kanye nemifantu eshisayo ku-weld.
1.I-Porosity
Insimbi ne-nickel kanye nama-alloys ayo lapho i-welding, izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ukwakheka kwe-porosity ku-weld i-oksijeni, i-nickel nezinye izakhi ze-alloying.
① Umthelela we-oxygen. Welding, insimbi uketshezi angase ancibilikise umoya-mpilo ngaphezulu, futhi umoya-mpilo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye ne-nickel oxidation, ukwakheka NiO, NiO angasabela nge hydrogen kanye carbon in the metal liquid ukukhiqiza umhwamuko wamanzi kanye carbon monoxide in the elincibilikisiwe pool ukuqina, ezifana sekwephuzile kakhulu ukubaleka, residual in the weld on ukwakheka porosity. Ku-nickel ehlanzekile kanye ne-Q235-I-arc welding engaphansi kwamanzi yensimbi ne-nickel weld, esimweni sokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ne-hydrogen akushintshi kakhulu, ukuphakama kokuqukethwe kwe-oksijini ekushiseni, kuyanda inani lama-pores ku-weld.
② Umthelela we-nickel. Ku-iron-nickel weld, ukuncibilika komoya-mpilo ku-iron ne-nickel kuhlukile, ukuncibilika komoya-mpilo ku-nickel ewuketshezi kukhulu kunalokho okusensimbi ewuketshezi, kuyilapho ukuncibilika komoya-mpilo ku-nickel eqinile kuncane kunalokho okusensimbi eqinile, ngakho-ke, ukuncibilika komoya-mpilo ku-nickel crystallization yokushintsha okungazelelwe kugqama kakhulu kunaleyo yekristalu yensimbi. Ngakho-ke, ukuthambekela kwe-porosity ekushiseleni lapho i-Ni i-15% ~ 30% incane, futhi lapho okuqukethwe kwe-Ni kukhulu, ukuthambekela kwe-porosity kuyanda futhi kufinyelele ku-60% ~ 90%, futhi inani lensimbi encibilikisiwe lizokwehla, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukuthambekela kokwenza i-porosity ibe mkhulu.
③ Umthelela wezinye izakhi ze-alloying. Lapho insimbi-nickel weld iqukethe manganese, chromium, molybdenum, aluminium, titanium nezinye izakhi ingxubevange noma ngokuvumelana ingxubevange, kungaba ngcono weld anti-porosity, lokhu kungenxa manganese, titanium kanye aluminium, njll babe indima deoxygenation, kuyilapho weld solideluum ngcono i-molybdeluum kanye nensimbi. Ngakho-ke i-nickel ne-1Cr18Ni9Ti insimbi engagqwali i-weld anti-porosity kune-nickel kanye ne-Q235-A yensimbi yokushisela. I-Aluminium ne-titanium nayo ingalungisa i-nitrogen ezinhlanganisela ezizinzile, ezingase futhi zithuthukise i-weld anti-porosity.
2. Ukuqhekeka okushisayo
Insimbi ne-nickel nama-alloys ayo ku-weld, isizathu esiyinhloko sokuqhekeka okushisayo ukuthi, ngenxa ye-nickel weld ephezulu enenhlangano ye-dendritic, emaphethelweni ezinhlamvu ezimahhadla, kugxilwe enanini le-co-crystals encibilikayo ephansi, ngaleyo ndlela yenza buthaka ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlamvu, ukunciphisa ukumelana nokuqhekeka kwensimbi ye-weld. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuqukethwe kwe-nickel yensimbi ye-weld kuphezulu kakhulu ukuba insimbi ye-weld ikhiqize ukuqhekeka okushisayo kunomthelela omkhulu ku-iron-nickel weld, umoya-mpilo, isulfure, i-phosphorus nokunye ukungcola ekuthambekeni kokuqhekeka kwe-weld thermal nakho kunomthelela omkhulu.
Uma usebenzisa i-oxygen-free flux, ngenxa yokunciphisa izinga le-oksijeni, isulfure, i-phosphorus nokunye ukungcola okulimazayo ku-weld, ikakhulukazi ukwehla kokuqukethwe kwe-oksijeni, ukuze inani lokuqhekeka linciphise kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi i-crystallization yechibi elincibilikisiwe, umoya-mpilo kanye ne-nickel kungakha i-Ni + NiO eutectic, izinga lokushisa le-eutectic lika-1438 ℃, futhi umoya-mpilo ungaqinisa imiphumela eyingozi yesibabule. Ngakho-ke lapho okuqukethwe komoyampilo ku-weld kuphezulu, ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okushisayo kuba kukhudlwana.
I-Mn, Cr, Mo, Ti, Nb nezinye izakhi ze-alloying, ingathuthukisa ukumelana nokuqhekeka kwensimbi ye-weld.Mn, Cr, Mo, Ti, Nb yi-ejenti ye-metamorphic, ingakwazi ukuhlanza inhlangano ye-weld, futhi ingaphazamisa isiqondiso se-crystallization yayo. kunciphisa imiphumela eyingozi yesibabule.
Izakhiwo zemishini zamalunga ashiselwe
Izakhiwo zemishini yamajoyinti we-iron-nickel welding zihlobene nezinto zokugcwalisa zensimbi kanye nemingcele yokushisela. Lapho ushisela i-nickel ehlanzekile nensimbi ephansi ye-carbon, lapho i-Ni elinganayo ekushiseni ingaphansi kuka-30%, ngaphansi kokupholisa okusheshayo kwe-weld, isakhiwo se-martensite sizovela ku-weld, okubangela ukuba i-plasticity kanye nokuqina kokuhlangana kwehle kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uthole ipulasitiki engcono kanye nokuqina kwelunga, i-Ni elingana ne-iron-nickel weld kufanele ibe ngaphezu kwama-30%.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-10-2025