Intshayelelo
Xa kuveliswa izixhobo zemichiza kunye nepetroleum, ukuze kugcinwe i-nickel ebiza kakhulu, isinyithi sihlala sidityaniswe kwi-nickel kunye ne-alloys.
Iingxaki eziphambili ze-welding
Xa i-welding idibanisa, amacandelo aphambili kwi-weld yintsimbi kunye ne-nickel, ekwazi ukunyibilika okungapheliyo kwaye ayenzi i-intermetallic compounds. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umxholo we-nickel kwi-weld uphezulu kakhulu, ngoko ke kwindawo yokudibanisa ye-joint welded, akukho luhlu lwe-diffusion lwenziwa. Ingxaki ephambili ye-welding kukuthambekela kokuvelisa i-porosity kunye nokuqhekeka okushushu kwi-weld.
1.I-Porosity
Insimbi kunye ne-nickel kunye ne-alloys yayo xa i-welding, izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela ukubunjwa kwe-porosity kwi-weld yi-oksijeni, i-nickel kunye nezinye izinto ezixutywayo.
① Iziphumo zeoksijini. Ukuwelda, intsimbi engamanzi inokunyibilikisa ioksijini eninzi, kunye neoksijini kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye ne-nickel oxidation, ukubunjwa kwe-NiO, i-NiO inokusabela nge-hydrogen kunye nekhabhoni kwintsimbi engamanzi ukuvelisa umphunga wamanzi kunye ne-carbon monoxide ekuqinisweni kwechibi elityhidiweyo, njengokubaleka kade kakhulu ukubaleka, intsalela kwi-weld ekubunjweni kwe-porosity. Kwi-nickel ecocekileyo kunye ne-Q235-I-arc ye-arc ye-arc ye-iron kunye ne-nickel weld, kwimeko ye-nitrogen kunye ne-hydrogen content ayitshintshi kakhulu, i-oxygen iphezulu kwi-weld, iphakamileyo inani le-pores kwi-weld.
② Isiphumo se-nickel. Kwi-iron-nickel weld, ukunyibilika kweoksijini kwi-iron kunye ne-nickel yahlukile, ukunyibilika kweoksijini kwi-nickel yolwelo kukhulu kunoko kwentsimbi engamanzi, ngelixa ukunyibilika kweoksijini kwi-nickel eqinileyo kuncinci kunoko kukwintsimbi eqinileyo, ke ngoko, ukunyibilika kweoksijini kwikristale yenickel yotshintsho ngequbuliso kubonakala ngakumbi kunokutshintsha kwentsimbi ngequbuliso. Ngoko ke, ukuthambekela kwe-porosity kwi-weld xa i-Ni i-15% ~ 30% incinci, kwaye xa umxholo we-Ni ukhulu, ukuthambekela kwe-porosity kwanda ngakumbi ukuya kwi-60% ~ 90%, kwaye inani lensimbi enyibilikisiweyo libophekile liyancipha, ngaloo ndlela libangela ukuthambekela kokwenza i-porosity ibe nkulu.
③ Impembelelo yezinye izinto zokudibanisa. Xa i-iron-nickel weld iqulethe i-manganese, i-chromium, i-molybdenum, i-aluminium, i-titanium kunye nezinye izinto ezixutywayo okanye ngokuhambelana ne-alloying, inokuphucula i-weld anti-porosity, oku kungenxa ye-manganese, i-titanium kunye ne-aluminium, njl. Ngoko i-nickel kunye ne-1Cr18Ni9Ti yensimbi engenasici i-weld anti-porosity kune-nickel kunye ne-Q235-A yentsimbi ye-weld. I-aluminiyam kunye ne-titanium inokulungisa i-nitrogen kwiikhompawundi ezizinzileyo, ezinokuthi ziphucule i-weld anti-porosity.
2. Ukuqhekeka kwe-Thermal
Insimbi kunye ne-nickel kunye ne-alloys yayo kwi-weld, esona sizathu siphambili sokuqhekeka kwe-thermal kukuba, ngenxa ye-nickel ephezulu ye-nickel kunye nentlangano ye-dendritic, kwi-edge of the coarse grains, igxininiswe kwinani leekristale ezincibilikayo eziphantsi, ngaloo ndlela zenza buthathaka uxhulumaniso phakathi kweenkozo, ukunciphisa ukuxhathisa i-weld metal crack. Ukongezelela, umxholo we-nickel we-weld metal uphezulu kakhulu kwi-weld metal ukuvelisa ukuchithwa kwe-thermal kunempembelelo enkulu kwi-iron-nickel weld, i-oksijini, isulfure, i-phosphorus kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo kwi-weld thermal cracking tendency nayo inempembelelo enkulu.
Xa usebenzisa i-oxygen-free flux, ngenxa yokunciphisa umgangatho we-oksijini, isulfure, i-phosphorus kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo kwi-weld, ngokukodwa ukuhla kwe-oksijini umxholo, ukwenzela ukuba inani lokuqhekeka liyancipha kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba i-crystallization ye-pool etyhidiweyo, i-oksijini kunye ne-nickel inokwenza i-Ni + NiO eutectic, i-eutectic ye-eutectic ye-1438 ℃, kunye ne-oksijini inokomeleza iziphumo ezinobungozi zesulfure. Ke xa umxholo weoksijini kwiweld uphezulu, utyekelo lokuqhekeka kwe-thermal luba lukhulu.
I-Mn, i-Cr, i-Mo, i-Ti, i-Nb kunye nezinye izinto ze-alloying, inokuphucula ukuxhatshazwa kwe-crack ye-weld metal.Mn, i-Cr, i-Mo, i-Ti, i-Nb ye-metamorphic agent, inokucoca umbutho we-weld, kwaye inokuphazamisa ulwalathiso lwe-crystallization yayo. kunciphisa imiphumo eyingozi yesulfure.
Iimpawu zobuchwephesha bamalungu adityanisiweyo
Iimpawu ze-mechanical ze-iron-nickel welding joints zihambelana nokuzaliswa kwezinto zetsimbi kunye neeparitha ze-welding. Xa ukuwelda i-nickel ecocekileyo kunye nentsimbi ye-carbon ephantsi, xa i-Ni elinganayo kwi-weld ingaphantsi kwe-30%, phantsi kokupholisa ngokukhawuleza kwe-weld, isakhiwo se-martensite siya kubonakala kwi-weld, ebangela ukuba iplastiki kunye nokuqina kwe-joint yehle ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke, ukuze ufumane iplastiki engcono kunye nokuqina kokudibanisa, i-Ni elinganayo kwi-iron-nickel weld kufuneka ibe ngaphezu kwe-30%.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-10-2025