Intangiriro
Iyo ukora ibikoresho bya chimique na peteroli, kugirango uzigame nikel ihenze, ibyuma akenshi bisudira kuri nikel hamwe na alloys.
Ibibazo nyamukuru byo gusudira
Iyo gusudira, ibyingenzi byingenzi muri weld ni ibyuma na nikel, bifite ubushobozi bwo gukemuka bitagira umupaka kandi ntibikora ibice bivanze. Muri rusange, nikel iri muri weld irasa naho iri hejuru, kuburyo muri zone ya fusion yumutwe wasuditswe, ntagice cyo gukwirakwiza. Ikibazo nyamukuru cyo gusudira nuburyo bwo kubyara ububobere nubushyuhe muri weld.
1.Ubukene
Ibyuma na nikel hamwe nuruvange rwayo mugihe cyo gusudira, ibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumyuka yo gusudira ni ogisijeni, nikel nibindi bintu bivanga.
Ingaruka za ogisijeni. Gusudira, icyuma gisukuye gishobora gushonga ogisijeni nyinshi, na ogisijeni ku bushyuhe bwinshi hamwe na okiside ya nikel, ishingwa rya NiO, NiO irashobora kubyitwaramo na hydrogène na karubone mu cyuma cy’amazi kugira ngo habeho umwuka w’amazi na monoxyde de carbone mu kidendezi cyashongeshejwe, nko gutinda guhunga, igasigara muri weld ku buryo bwo gukora porotike. Muri nikel isukuye na Q235-Kuzenguruka arc gusudira ibyuma na nikel weld, mugihe cya azote na hydrogène bidahinduka cyane, uko umwuka wa ogisijeni uri muri weld, niko umubare wa pore uri muri weld.
Ingaruka ya nikel. Mu gusudira ibyuma-nikel, gukomera kwa ogisijeni mu cyuma na nikel biratandukanye, gukomera kwa ogisijeni muri nikel y’amazi biruta ibyo mu cyuma gisukuye, mu gihe imbaraga za ogisijeni muri nikel ikomeye ari ntoya ugereranije n’icyuma gikomeye, bityo rero, imbaraga za ogisijeni muri nikel kristalisation ihinduka ritunguranye ziragaragara cyane kuruta uko icyuma gitangira guhinduka. Kubwibyo, impengamiro yo kwishongora muri weld iyo Ni ari 15% ~ 30% iba nto, kandi iyo Ni ibirimo binini, imyumvire yo kwikinisha irushaho kwiyongera kugera kuri 60% ~ 90%, kandi umubare wibyuma byashongeshejwe ugomba kugabanuka, bityo bigatuma impengamiro yo gukora ibibyimba iba nini.
Other Ingaruka yibindi bintu bivanga. Iyo icyuma-nikel cyasizwe kirimo manganese, chromium, molybdenum, aluminium, titanium nibindi bintu bivangavanze cyangwa bijyanye na alloying, bishobora guteza imbere weld anti-porosity, ibi biterwa na manganese, titanium na aluminium, nibindi bifite uruhare rwa deoxygene, mugihe chromium na molybdenum kugirango bitezimbere icyuma gisukuye. Nikel rero na 1Cr18Ni9Ti ibyuma bitagira umuyonga weld anti-porosity kuruta nikel na Q235-Icyuma gisudira. Aluminium na titanium birashobora kandi gutunganya azote mu bintu bihamye, bishobora no kunoza imyanda irwanya porosi.
2. Kumena ubushyuhe
Ibyuma na nikel hamwe nuruvange rwayo muri weld, impamvu nyamukuru itera kumeneka yubushyuhe ni uko, kubera nikel nyinshi yasuditswe hamwe na dendritic organisation, ku nkombe z’ibinyampeke bikabije, yibanda cyane ku mibare mike yo gushonga hamwe, bityo bikagabanya isano iri hagati y’ibinyampeke, bikagabanya ubukana bw’icyuma. Byongeye kandi, nikel iri mu cyuma gisudira ni kinini cyane ku buryo icyuma gisudira ku buryo kitabyara ubushyuhe bugira ingaruka zikomeye mu gusudira ibyuma-nikel, ogisijeni, sulfure, fosifore n’indi myanda ku cyerekezo cyo guturika cy’ubushyuhe nacyo gifite ingaruka zikomeye.
Iyo ukoresheje flux idafite ogisijeni, bitewe no kugabanuka kwubwiza bwa ogisijeni, sulfure, fosifore nindi myanda yangiza muri weld, cyane cyane igabanuka ryibintu bya ogisijeni, kuburyo ingano yo kugabanuka igabanuka cyane. Kubera ko pisine yashongeshejwe, okisijeni na nikel birashobora gukora Ni + NiO eutectic, ubushyuhe bwa eutectic ya 1438 and, na ogisijeni irashobora kandi gushimangira ingaruka mbi za sulferi. Iyo rero umwuka wa ogisijeni uri muri weld ari mwinshi, imyumvire yo guturika yumuriro iba nini.
Mn, Cr, Mo, Ti, Nb nibindi bintu bivangavanze, birashobora kunoza uburyo bwo guhangana nicyuma gisudira.Mn, Cr, Mo, Ti, Nb ni metamorphic agent, irashobora gutunganya ishyirahamwe ryogosha, kandi rishobora guhungabanya icyerekezo cyogukwirakwiza kwayo. sulfuru.
Ibikoresho bya mehaniki yingingo zasuditswe
Imiterere yubukorikori bwibikoresho byo gusudira ibyuma-nikel bifitanye isano no kuzuza ibikoresho byuma hamwe nibipimo byo gusudira. Iyo gusudira nikel isukuye hamwe nicyuma gito cya karubone, mugihe Ni ihwanye na weld iri munsi ya 30%, mugihe cyo gukonjesha byihuse gusudira, imiterere ya martensite izagaragara muri weld, bigatuma plastike nubukomere bwurugingo bigabanuka cyane. Kubwibyo, kugirango ubone plastike nziza nubukomezi bwingingo, Ni ihwanye na weld-nikel weld igomba kuba irenga 30%
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-10-2025