Mawu Oyamba
Popanga zida zamafuta ndi mafuta, kuti mupulumutse nickel yamtengo wapatali, chitsulo nthawi zambiri chimawotcherera ku nickel ndi alloys.
Waukulu mavuto kuwotcherera
Pamene kuwotcherera, zigawo zikuluzikulu mu weld ndi chitsulo ndi faifi tambala, amene amatha wopandamalire mwagwirizana solubility ndipo samapanga intermetallic mankhwala. Kawirikawiri, nickel zomwe zili mu weld ndizokwera kwambiri, kotero mu malo osakanikirana a olowa, palibe wosanjikiza wopangidwa. Vuto lalikulu la kuwotcherera ndi chizolowezi chopanga porosity ndi ming'alu yotentha mu weld.
1.Porosity
Chitsulo ndi faifi tambala ndi aloyi ake pamene kuwotcherera, zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza mapangidwe porosity mu weld ndi mpweya, faifi tambala ndi zinthu zina alloying.
① Mphamvu ya okosijeni. Kuwotcherera, zitsulo zamadzimadzi zimatha kusungunula mpweya wambiri, ndi mpweya pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi nickel oxidation, mapangidwe a NiO, NiO amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi haidrojeni ndi mpweya muzitsulo zamadzimadzi kuti apange nthunzi yamadzi ndi carbon monoxide mu dziwe losungunuka, monga mochedwa kwambiri kuthawa, zotsalira mu weld pa mapangidwe a porosity. Mu nickel koyera ndi Q235-A kumizidwa arc kuwotcherera chitsulo ndi faifi tambala kuwotcherera, pa nkhani ya nayitrogeni ndi hydrogen zili sasintha kwambiri, apamwamba mpweya zili mu weld, ndi apamwamba chiwerengero cha pores mu weld.
② Zotsatira za nickel. Mu chitsulo-nickel weld, ndi solubility wa okosijeni mu chitsulo ndi faifi tambala ndi osiyana, ndi solubility wa mpweya mu madzi faifi tambala ndi wamkulu kuposa mu madzi chitsulo, pamene solubility wa mpweya mu faifi tambala olimba ndi ang'onoang'ono kuposa chitsulo cholimba, choncho solubility wa okosijeni mu faifi tambala crystallization wa kusintha kwadzidzidzi kumaonekera kwambiri kuposa kusintha kwadzidzidzi chitsulo. Choncho, chizoloŵezi cha porosity mu weld pamene Ni ndi 15% ~ 30% ndi yaying'ono, ndipo pamene Ni zili zazikulu, chizolowezi cha porosity chimawonjezeka mpaka 60% ~ 90%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa chitsulo chosungunuka kumachepa, motero kumapangitsa kuti chizolowezi chopanga porosity chikhale chachikulu.
③ Chikoka cha zinthu zina alloying. Pamene chitsulo-nickel kuwotcherera lili manganese, chromium, molybdenum, zotayidwa, titaniyamu ndi zinthu zina alloying kapena mogwirizana ndi aloyi, akhoza kusintha kuwotcherera odana porosity, ichi ndi chifukwa manganese, titaniyamu ndi zotayidwa, etc. ndi udindo wa deoxygenation, pamene chrominum molybdeluum kusintha zitsulo. Chifukwa chake nickel ndi 1Cr18Ni9Ti chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri amawotcherera odana ndi porosity kuposa faifi tambala ndi Q235-A chitsulo weld. Aluminiyamu ndi titaniyamu amathanso kukonza nayitrogeni m'magulu okhazikika, omwe amathanso kusintha ma weld anti-porosity.
2. Kutentha kwamoto
Chitsulo ndi faifi tambala ndi aloyi ake mu weld, chifukwa chachikulu matenthedwe ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono ndi kuti, chifukwa mkulu nickel weld ndi dendritic bungwe, m'mphepete mwa njere coarse, anaikira angapo otsika kusungunuka mfundo co-makhiristo, motero kufooketsa kugwirizana pakati pa njere, kuchepetsa kuwotcherera zitsulo ming'alu kukana. Komanso, faifi tambala wa zitsulo weld ndi mkulu kwambiri kuti kuwotcherera zitsulo kupanga matenthedwe akulimbana kwambiri zimakhudza kwambiri chitsulo-nickel weld, mpweya, sulfure, phosphorous ndi zonyansa zina pa weld matenthedwe akulimbana chizolowezi amakhalanso ndi zotsatira zazikulu.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wopanda mpweya, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mpweya, sulfure, phosphorous ndi zonyansa zina zowonongeka mu weld, makamaka kuchepa kwa mpweya wa okosijeni, kotero kuti kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Chifukwa crystallization dziwe sungunuka, mpweya ndi faifi tambala akhoza kupanga Ni + NiO eutectic, kutentha eutectic 1438 ℃, ndi mpweya akhoza kulimbikitsa zotsatira zoipa za sulfure. Chifukwa chake mpweya wa okosijeni mu weld ukakhala wambiri, chizoloŵezi cha kusweka kwamafuta chimakhala chokulirapo.
Mn, Cr, Mo, Ti, Nb ndi zinthu zina alloying, akhoza kusintha mng'alu kukana wa weld metal.Mn, Cr, Mo, Ti, Nb ndi metamorphic wothandizira, akhoza konza weld bungwe, ndipo akhoza kusokoneza malangizo ake crystallization.Al, Ti ndi amphamvu deoxidizing wothandizila, akhoza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa okosijeni Myns mu mawonekedwe weld, Sfraktor MynS akhoza kusokoneza crystallization. amachepetsa zotsatira zoipa za sulfure.
Zimango zimatha welded olowa
Makina olumikizirana ndi chitsulo-nickel amalumikizana ndi zitsulo zodzaza ndi zinthu zowotcherera. Pamene kuwotcherera faifi tambala koyera ndi otsika mpweya zitsulo, pamene Ni ofanana mu kuwotcherera ndi zosakwana 30%, pansi kuzirala mofulumira wa weld, dongosolo martensite adzaonekera mu weld, kuchititsa pulasitiki ndi kulimba kwa olowa kugwa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuti mupeze pulasitiki yabwino komanso kulimba kwa olowa, chofanana cha Ni mu weld yachitsulo-nickel chiyenera kukhala chachikulu kuposa 30%.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-10-2025