Kuwotcherera mkuwa
Njira zowotcherera zamkuwa (zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa mkuwa woyengedwa m'mafakitale) zimaphatikizapo kuwotcherera kwa mpweya, kuwotcherera kwa mpweya, kuwotcherera kwa arc, kuwotcherera kwa arc ndi kuwotcherera kwa argon, ndi zida zazikulu zimathanso kuwotcherera.
1.Kuwotcherera kwa gasi wamkuwa komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndikophatikizira matako, ndipo cholumikizira cholumikizirana ndi T chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mochepa momwe zingathere. Mitundu iwiri ya waya wowotcherera angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwotcherera mpweya. Imodzi ndi waya wowotcherera womwe uli ndi zinthu za deoxygenation, monga mawaya 201 ndi 202; ina ndi waya wamba wamkuwa ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono ka zinthu zoyambira, ndipo wothandizila gasi 301 amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati flux. Lawi losalowerera ndale liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito powotchera mkuwa.
2.The copper copper rod rod copper 107 imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamanja arc kuwotcherera, ndi kuwotcherera pachimake ndi mkuwa (T2, T3). M'mbali mwa kuwotcherera ayenera kutsukidwa pamaso kuwotcherera. Pamene makulidwe a weldment ndi wamkulu kuposa 4 mm, preheating ayenera preheated pamaso kuwotcherera, ndi kutentha preheating zambiri padziko 400 ~ 500 ℃. Mukawotcherera ndi ndodo yamkuwa 107, magetsi ayenera kusinthidwa ndi DC.
3.Mafupi a arcs ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yowotcherera, ndipo ndodo yowotcherera sayenera kugwedezeka mopingasa. Ndodo yowotcherera imapangitsa kusuntha kwa mzere kubwereza, komwe kungapangitse mapangidwe a weld. The weld wautali ayenera kuwotcherera pang'onopang'ono. Kuthamanga kwa kuwotcherera kuyenera kukhala kofulumira momwe mungathere. Pa kuwotcherera kwamitundu yambiri, slag pakati pa zigawo iyenera kuchotsedwa kwathunthu. Kuwotcherera kuyenera kuchitidwa pamalo abwino mpweya wabwino kupewa poizoni mkuwa. Mukawotchera, gwiritsani ntchito nyundo yamutu wathyathyathya kuti mugwire chowotchereracho kuti muchepetse kupsinjika ndikusintha mtundu wa weld.
4.Manual argon arc kuwotcherera zamkuwa. Pamene kuwotcherera argon arc mkuwa, mawaya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi waya 201 (waya wapadera wowotcherera wamkuwa) ndi waya 202, komanso amagwiritsa ntchito waya wamkuwa, monga T2.
Pamaso kuwotcherera, ndi okusayidi filimu, mafuta ndi dothi zina kuwotcherera m'mphepete mwa workpiece ndi pamwamba waya ayenera kutsukidwa kupewa zilema monga pores ndi slag inclusions. Njira zoyeretsera zikuphatikizapo kuyeretsa makina ndi kuyeretsa mankhwala. Pamene makulidwe a matako olowa mbale ndi zosakwana 3 mm, bevel si anatsegula; pamene makulidwe a mbale ndi 3 mpaka 10 mm, bevel yooneka ngati V imatsegulidwa, ndipo mbali ya bevel ndi 60 mpaka 70; pamene makulidwe a mbaleyo ndi aakulu kuposa 10 mm, bevel yooneka ngati X imatsegulidwa, The bevel angle ndi 60 ~ 70; kupewa zosamangika, m'mphepete mwa nthiti nthawi zambiri amasiyidwa. Malingana ndi makulidwe a mbale ndi kukula kwa bevel, kusiyana kwa mgwirizano wa butt kumasankhidwa mkati mwa 0.5 mpaka 1.5 mm.
Manual copper argon arc kuwotcherera nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito DC positive kulumikizana, ndiye kuti, tungsten elekitirodi yolumikizidwa ndi ma elekitirodi olakwika. Pofuna kuthetsa mabowo a mpweya ndikuwonetsetsa kusakanikirana kodalirika ndi kulowa kwa mizu yowotcherera, m'pofunika kuonjezera liwiro la kuwotcherera, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito argon, ndi kutentha kutentha. Pamene makulidwe mbale ndi zosakwana 3 mm, kutentha preheating ndi 150 ~ 300 ℃; pamene makulidwe mbale ndi wamkulu kuposa 3 mm, kutentha preheating ndi 350 ~ 500 ℃. Kutentha kwa preheating sikuyenera kukhala kokwera kwambiri, apo ayi zida zamakina azitsulo zowotcherera zidzachepetsedwa.
Palinso kuwotcherera kwa carbon arc, ndipo ma elekitirodi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera kaboni arc amaphatikizanso ma elekitirodi a carbon essence ndi ma graphite electrode. Waya wowotcherera womwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera kaboni arc ndi wofanana ndi kuwotcherera mpweya. Zida zoyambira zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kudula mizere, komanso kutulutsa zamkuwa monga wothandizila gasi 301 angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kuwotcherera mkuwa
1.Njira zowotcherera mkuwa zikuphatikizapo: kuwotcherera gasi, kuwotcherera kwa carbon arc, kuwotcherera kwa arc manual ndi argon arc kuwotcherera. 1. Kuwotcherera kwa mpweya wa mkuwa Chifukwa kutentha kwa moto wowotcherera mpweya kumakhala kochepa, kutentha kwa zinki mumkuwa panthawi yowotcherera kumakhala kochepa kusiyana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera kwa magetsi, kotero kuwotcherera kwa mpweya ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri powotcherera mkuwa (zikomo chifukwa chomvetsera Dingding Automatic Welding).
Zingwe zowotcherera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera mpweya wa mkuwa zikuphatikizapo: waya 221, waya 222 ndi waya 224. Mawaya otsekemerawa ali ndi zinthu monga silicon, tini, chitsulo, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zingalepheretse ndi kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa nthunzi ndi kuyaka kwa zinki mu dziwe losungunuka, ndipo zimathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti weld. Kuchita ndi kuteteza mpweya mabowo. Ma Fluxes omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuwotcherera kwa gasi amaphatikiza ufa wolimba ndi kutulutsa mpweya. Kutuluka kwa mpweya kumakhala ndi boric acid methyl mafuta ndi methanol; zotuluka ndi monga gasi wothandizira 301.
2.Manual arc kuwotcherera zamkuwa Kuphatikiza mkuwa 227 ndi mkuwa 237, ndodo zowotcherera zopangira tokha zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pakuwotcherera mkuwa.
Mukawotcherera arc yamkuwa, njira yolumikizira magetsi ya DC iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo ndodo yowotcherera iyenera kulumikizidwa ndi elekitirodi yolakwika. Pamwamba pa kuwotcherera ayenera mosamala kutsukidwa pamaso kuwotcherera. Mbali ya bevel nthawi zambiri isakhale yochepera 60 ~ 70o. Pofuna kukonza mapangidwe a weld, mbali zowotcherera ziyenera kutenthedwa pa 150 ~ 250 ℃. Kuwotcherera kwa arc kwanthawi yayitali kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, popanda kugwedezeka kopingasa kapena kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, kusuntha kwa mzere, ndipo liwiro la kuwotcherera liyenera kukhala lalitali. Ziwalo zowotcherera zamkuwa zomwe zimakumana ndi zida zowononga monga madzi am'nyanja ndi ammonia ziyenera kutsekedwa pambuyo pakuwotcherera kuti zithetse kupsinjika kwa kuwotcherera.
3.Manual argon arc kuwotcherera kwa brass. Manual argon arc kuwotcherera amkuwa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mawaya amkuwa wamba: waya 221, waya 222 ndi waya 224, ndi zida zomwe zili ndi magawo omwewo monga maziko ake zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zodzaza.
Kuwotcherera kungathe kuchitidwa mwachindunji panopa kapena AC. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera kwa AC, kutulutsa kwa zinki kumakhala kopepuka kuposa komwe kulumikizidwa mwachindunji. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kwapakati sikofunikira musanayambe kuwotcherera, ndipo kutentha kumangochitika pamene makulidwe a mbale ndi aakulu. Kuthamanga kwa kuwotcherera kuyenera kukhala kofulumira momwe mungathere. Pambuyo kuwotcherera, mbali zowotcherera ziyenera kutenthedwa pa 300 ~ 400 ℃ kuti ziwotchedwe kuti zithetse kupsinjika kwa kuwotcherera kuti zisawonongeke ming'alu yowotcherera pakugwiritsa ntchito.
4.Brass carbon arc kuwotcherera Pamene kuwotcherera kwa carbon arc, waya 221, waya 222, waya 224 ndi mawaya ena owotcherera amasankhidwa molingana ndi kapangidwe ka zinthu zoyambira. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito mawaya opangira mkuwa kuti muwotchere. Wothandizira gasi 301 kapena zina zotere zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yowotcherera. Kuwotcherera kuyenera kuyendetsedwa ndi arc yaifupi kuti muchepetse kutuluka kwa zinc ndikuwotcha kuwonongeka.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-10-2025