Okwu mmalite
Mgbe a na-arụpụta ngwa kemịkalụ na mmanụ ala, iji chekwaa nickel dị oke ọnụ, a na-ejikọta ígwè na nickel na alloys.
Isi nsogbu nke ịgbado ọkụ
Mgbe ịgbado ọkụ, isi ihe na weld bụ ígwè na nickel, nke nwere ike na-enweghị ngwụcha solubility ibe ya na-adịghị etolite intermetallic ogige. N'ozuzu, ọdịnaya nickel dị na weld dị oke elu, ya mere na mpaghara fusion nke nkwonkwo welded, ọ dịghị akwa mgbasa ozi na-emepụta. Nsogbu bụ isi na ịgbado ọkụ bụ ọchịchọ imepụta porosity na mgbawa ọkụ na weld.
1. Porosity
Steel na nickel na alloys ya mgbe ịgbado ọkụ, isi ihe na-emetụta e guzobere porosity na weld bụ oxygen, nickel na ndị ọzọ alloying ọcha.
① Mmetụta oxygen. Welding, mmiri mmiri metal nwere ike igbari ọzọ oxygen, na oxygen na elu okpomọkụ na nickel oxidation, guzobe nke NiO, NiO nwere ike meghachi omume na hydrogen na carbon na mmiri mmiri metal n'ịwa mmiri vepo na carbon monoxide na gbazee ọdọ mmiri solidification, dị ka akaha ịgbapụ, ihe fọdụrụ na weld na guzobe porosity. Na nickel dị ọcha na Q235-A n'ime mmiri na-agbado arc nke ígwè na nickel weld, n'ihe banyere nitrogen na hydrogen adịghị agbanwe nke ukwuu, ka ikuku oxygen dị na weld dị elu, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke pores na weld dị elu.
② Mmetụta nke nickel. Na ígwè-nickel weld, solubility nke oxygen na ígwè na nickel dị iche iche, solubility nke oxygen na mmiri mmiri nickel dị ukwuu karịa nke na mmiri mmiri ígwè, mgbe solubility nke oxygen na siri ike nickel bụ obere karịa nke ahụ na siri ike ígwè, ya mere, solubility nke oxygen na nickel crystallization nke mberede mgbanwe na-apụta karịa nke na mberede kristal mgbanwe ígwè. Ya mere, ọchịchọ nke porosity na weld mgbe Ni bụ 15% ~ 30% dị ntakịrị, na mgbe ọdịnaya Ni buru ibu, ọchịchọ nke porosity na-abawanye ruo 60% ~ 90%, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke agbaze nchara ga-ebelata, si otú a na-eme ka ọchịchọ nke ịmepụta porosity buru ibu.
③ Mmetụta nke ihe ndị ọzọ alloying. Mgbe ígwè-nickel weld nwere manganese, chromium, molybdenum, aluminum, titanium na ndị ọzọ alloying ọcha ma ọ bụ na akara na alloying, nwere ike melite weld mgbochi porosity, nke a bụ n'ihi na manganese, titanium na aluminum, wdg nwere ọrụ nke deoxygenation, mgbe chromium na molybdenum ka mma weld solubility na siri ike metal. Ya mere nickel na 1Cr18Ni9Ti igwe anaghị agba nchara weld mgbochi porosity karịa nickel na Q235-A ígwè weld. Aluminom na titanium nwekwara ike idozi nitrogen na ogige kwụsiri ike, nke nwekwara ike melite weld mgbochi porosity.
2. Thermal cracking
Nchara na nickel na alloys ya na weld, isi ihe kpatara mgbawa thermal bụ na, n'ihi nnukwu nickel weld na nzukọ dendritic, na nsọtụ nke mkpụrụ osisi na-adịghị ahụkebe, na-etinye uche na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke co-crystal dị ala na-agbaze, si otú ahụ na-eme ka njikọ dị n'etiti ọka na-ebelata, na-ebelata nkwụsị nke mgbape ígwè. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ọdịnaya nickel nke ígwè weld dị oke elu maka ígwè weld na-emepụta ihe ọkụkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na ígwè-nickel weld, oxygen, sọlfọ, phosphorus na ihe ndị ọzọ na-adịghị ọcha na weld thermal cracking nwekwara mmetụta dị ukwuu.
Mgbe ị na-eji ikuku oxygen na-enweghị ikuku, n'ihi mbelata nke ikuku oxygen, sọlfọ, phosphorus na adịghị ọcha ndị ọzọ na weld, karịsịa mbelata nke ọdịnaya oxygen, nke mere na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mgbawa na-ebelata nke ukwuu. N'ihi na ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ crystallization, oxygen na nickel nwere ike ịmepụta Ni + NiO eutectic, eutectic okpomọkụ nke 1438 ℃, na oxygen nwekwara ike iwusi emerụ mmetụta nke sọlfọ. Ya mere, mgbe ikuku oxygen dị na weld dị elu, ọchịchọ nke mgbawa ọkụ na-ebuwanye ibu.
Mn, Cr, Mo, Ti, Nb na ndị ọzọ alloying ọcha, nwere ike melite mgbape eguzogide nke weld metal.Mn, Cr, Mo, Ti, Nb bụ metamorphic gị n'ụlọnga, nwere ike nụchaa weld nzukọ, na nwere ike ịkpaghasị ntụziaka nke crystallization. sọlfọ.
Mechanical Njirimara nke welded nkwonkwo
Ihe eji arụ ọrụ nke nkwonkwo ịgbado ọkụ nke ígwè-nickel jikọtara ya na ihe njuju igwe na ihe ịgbado ọkụ. Mgbe ịgbado ọkụ nickel dị ọcha na obere carbon ígwè, mgbe Ni dakọtara na weld na-erughị 30%, n'okpuru ngwa ngwa jụrụ weld, a martensite Ọdịdị ga-apụta na weld, na-eme ka plasticity na siri ike nke nkwonkwo daa nke ọma. Ya mere, iji nweta plasticity ka mma na ike nke nkwonkwo, Ni dakọtara na ígwè-nickel weld kwesịrị ịbụ karịa 30%
Oge nzipu: Mar-10-2025