ʻO ke kila a me ka nickel a me ka nickel alloy welding, FAQ

Hoʻolauna

I ka hana ʻana i nā mea kemika a me ka ʻaila, i mea e mālama ai i ka nickel pipiʻi, hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ke kila i ka nickel a me nā alloys.

ʻO nā pilikia nui o ka welding

I ka wā e wili ai, ʻo nā mea nui i ka weld he hao a me ka nickel, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻole ʻia a ʻaʻole i hana i nā pūhui intermetallic. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka nickel content i loko o ka weld, no laila i ka fusion zone o ka hui welded, ʻaʻohe papa diffusion i hana ʻia. ʻO ka pilikia nui me ka welding ka manaʻo e hana i ka porosity a me nā māwae wela i ka weld.

1.Porosity

ʻO ke kila a me ka nickel a me kāna mau ala i ka wā e hoʻopili ai, ʻo nā mea nui e pili ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka porosity i ka weld he oxygen, nickel a me nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe.

① Ka hopena o ka oxygen. Welding, ka wai metala hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe hou oxygen, a me ka oxygen ma kiʻekiʻe wela a me ka nickel oxidation, ke kukuluia'na o NiO, NiO hiki react me ka hydrogen a me ke kalapona i loko o ka wai metala e hoopuka i ka wai mahu a me carbon monoxide i loko o ka hooheheeia solidification, e like me ka lōʻihi loa e pakele, koena i ka weld ma ke kukulu ana o porosity. Ma ka nickel maʻemaʻe a me ka Q235-A submerged arc welding o ka hao a me ka nickel weld, i ka hihia o ka nitrogen a me ka hydrogen maʻiʻo ʻaʻole loli nui, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka oxygen ma ka weld, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka helu o nā pores i ka weld.

② Ka hopena o ka nickel. I ka weld hao-nickel, ʻokoʻa ka solubility o ka oxygen i ka hao a me ka nickel, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka solubility o ka oxygen i ka nickel wai ma mua o ka hao wai, ʻoiai ka liʻiliʻi o ka oxygen i ka nickel paʻa ma mua o ka hao paʻa, no laila, ʻoi aku ka solubility o ka oxygen i ka nickel crystallization o ka hoʻololi koke ʻana i ka hoʻololi koke ʻana o ka crystallization. No laila, ʻo ke ʻano o ka porosity i ka weld i ka wā ʻo Ni he 15% ~ 30% ka liʻiliʻi, a i ka nui o ka Ni maʻiʻo, ua hoʻonui hou ʻia ke ʻano o ka porosity i 60% ~ 90%, a ʻo ka nui o ke kila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e hoʻemi ʻia, no laila e hoʻonui ai i ka nui o ka porosity.

③ Ka hopena o nā mea hoʻohuihui ʻē aʻe. Ke loaʻa i ka hao-nickel weld ka manganese, chromium, molybdenum, aluminika, titanium a me nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe a i ʻole i ka laina me ka alloying, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka weld anti-porosity, ma muli o manganese, titanium a me aluminika, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ke kuleana o ka deoxygenation, ʻoiai ʻo ka chromium a me ka molybdenum e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka weld solubility i ka metala paʻa. No laila, ʻo ka nickel a me ka 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel weld anti-porosity ma mua o ka nickel a me Q235-A steel weld. Hiki i ka alumini a me ka titanium ke hoʻoponopono i ka nitrogen i nā pūhui paʻa, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka weld anti-porosity.

2. Ka māhā wela

ʻO ke kila a me ka nickel a me kāna mau mea i loko o ka weld, ke kumu nui o ka haʻihaʻi ʻana o ka wela, ʻo ia, ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe nickel weld me ka hui dendritic, i ka lihi o ka ʻōpala coarse, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka helu o nā co-crystals hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa, pēlā e hoʻonāwaliwali ai i ka pilina ma waena o nā kīʻaha, e hōʻemi ana i ka weld metala māwae. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka nickel content o ka weld metala no ka weld metala e hoʻohua i ka thermal cracking i kahi hopena koʻikoʻi i ka weld hao-nickel, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus a me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe i ka weld thermal cracking tendency.

Ke hoʻohana nei i ka oxygen-free flux, ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka maikaʻi o ka oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe i ka weld, ʻoi aku ka emi ʻana o ka ʻike oxygen, no laila e hoʻemi nui ʻia ka nui o ka haki. Ma muli o ka crystallization o ka loko i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, hiki i ka oxygen a me ka nickel ke hana i ka Ni + NiO eutectic, eutectic wela o 1438 ℃, a hiki i ka oxygen ke hoʻoikaika i nā hopena ʻino o ka sulfur. No laila ke kiʻekiʻe ka ʻike o ka oxygen i loko o ka weld, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke ʻano o ka haʻihaʻi wela.

ʻO Mn, Cr, Mo, Ti, Nb a me nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pale ʻana o ka weld metala. ʻO Mn, Cr, Mo, Ti, Nb he mea metamorphic, hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka hui weld, a hiki ke hoʻopau i ke kuhikuhi o kāna crystallization. ʻO Al, Ti he mea hoʻoheheʻe ikaika, hiki ke hoʻemi i ka nui o ka oxygen i ka weld. sulfur.

Mechanical waiwai o welded ami

ʻO nāʻano mechanical o nā hui wili hao-nickel e pili ana i nā mea metala hoʻopiha a me nā palena wili. Ke kuʻi ʻana i ka nickel maʻemaʻe a me ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka Ni i ka weld ma lalo o 30%, ma lalo o ka hoʻomaloʻo wikiwiki ʻana o ka weld, e ʻike ʻia kahi ʻano martensite i ka weld, e hāʻule nui ai ka plasticity a me ka paʻakikī o ka hui. No laila, i mea e loaʻa ai ka maikaʻi o ka plasticity a me ka paʻakikī o ka hui, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka Ni i ka weld hao-nickel ma mua o 30%