Gabatarwa
Lokacin kera sinadarai da na'urorin man fetur, domin ceton nickel mai tsada, galibi ana welded karfe zuwa nickel da gami.
Babban matsalolin walda
Lokacin walda, manyan abubuwan da ke cikin walda sune baƙin ƙarfe da nickel, waɗanda ke da ikon iya narkewar juna mara iyaka kuma ba sa samar da mahaɗan tsaka-tsaki. Gabaɗaya, abun ciki na nickel a cikin walda yana da ɗanɗano mai girma, don haka a cikin yankin fusion na haɗin gwiwar welded, ba a samar da shimfidar shimfidar wuri ba. Babban matsala tare da walda shine hali na samar da porosity da zafi mai zafi a cikin walda.
1. Lalacewa
Karfe da nickel da abubuwan haɗin sa lokacin walda, manyan abubuwan da ke shafar samuwar porosity a cikin walda shine oxygen, nickel da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa.
① Tasirin oxygen. Welding, da ruwa karfe iya narkar da karin oxygen, da oxygen a high yanayin zafi da kuma nickel hadawan abu da iskar shaka, samuwar NiO, NiO iya amsa tare da hydrogen da carbon a cikin ruwa karfe don samar da ruwa tururi da carbon monoxide a cikin narkakkar pool solidification, kamar latti don tserewa, saura a cikin weld a kan samuwar porosity. A cikin tsarkakakken nickel da Q235-A nutsewar baka na baƙin ƙarfe da nickel weld, a yanayin yanayin nitrogen da hydrogen ba ya canzawa da yawa, mafi girman abun ciki na oxygen a cikin walda, mafi girman adadin pores a cikin walda.
② Tasirin nickel. A cikin baƙin ƙarfe-nickel weld, solubility na oxygen a cikin baƙin ƙarfe da nickel ne daban-daban, da solubility na oxygen a cikin ruwa nickel ne mafi girma fiye da cewa a cikin ruwa baƙin ƙarfe, yayin da solubility na oxygen a cikin m nickel ne karami fiye da cewa a cikin m baƙin ƙarfe, sabili da haka, solubility na oxygen a cikin nickel crystallization na kwatsam canji ya fi bayyana fiye da cewa a cikin baƙin ƙarfe canji kwatsam. Sabili da haka, halin porosity a cikin walda lokacin da Ni ya kasance 15% ~ 30% yana da ƙananan, kuma lokacin da abun ciki na Ni yayi girma, yanayin porosity yana ƙara karuwa zuwa 60% ~ 90%, kuma adadin narkar da karfe yana daure ya ragu, don haka yana haifar da hali na samar da porosity ya girma.
③ Tasirin sauran abubuwa masu haɗawa. Lokacin da baƙin ƙarfe-nickel weld ƙunshi manganese, chromium, molybdenum, aluminum, titanium da sauran alloying abubuwa ko a layi tare da alloying, iya inganta weld anti-porosity, wannan shi ne saboda manganese, titanium da aluminum, da dai sauransu suna da rawar deoxygenation, yayin da chromium da molybdenum don inganta weld solubility a cikin m karfe. Don haka nickel da 1Cr18Ni9Ti bakin karfe weld anti-porosity fiye da nickel da Q235-A karfe weld. Aluminum da titanium kuma za su iya gyara nitrogen a cikin barga mahadi, wanda kuma zai iya inganta weld anti-porosity.
2. Thermal fatattaka
Karfe da nickel da kayan haɗin da ke cikin walda, babban dalilin da ke haifar da fashewar thermal shine, saboda babban weld na nickel tare da ƙungiyar dendritic, a gefen ƙananan hatsi, sun mayar da hankali a cikin ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayar co-crystals, don haka ya raunana haɗin tsakanin hatsi, rage juriya na walƙiya karfe. Bugu da ƙari, abun da ke cikin nickel na ƙarfe na walda yana da yawa don ƙwayar walda don samar da tsattsauran zafin jiki yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci a cikin ƙarfe-nickel weld, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus da sauran ƙazanta a kan yanayin walƙiya na walƙiya kuma yana da babban tasiri.
A lokacin da ake amfani da ruwa maras iskar oxygen, saboda raguwar ingancin iskar oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus da sauran ƙazanta masu cutarwa a cikin walda, musamman raguwar abubuwan da ke cikin iskar oxygen, ta yadda adadin fashe ya ragu sosai. Saboda kristal na narkakkar tafki, oxygen da nickel na iya haifar da Ni + NiO eutectic, eutectic zafin jiki na 1438 ℃, kuma oxygen kuma na iya ƙarfafa illar sulfur. Don haka lokacin da abun ciki na iskar oxygen a cikin walda ya yi girma, yanayin fashewar thermal ya fi girma.
Mn, Cr, Mo, Ti, Nb da sauran alloying abubuwa, iya inganta crack juriya na weld metal.Mn, Cr, Mo, Ti, Nb ne metamorphic wakili, iya tata da weld kungiyar, kuma zai iya rushe shugabanci da crystallization. sulfur.
Mechanical Properties na welded gidajen abinci
Abubuwan injiniyoyi na haɗin gwiwar ƙarfe-nickel na walda suna da alaƙa da cika kayan ƙarfe da sigogin walda. Lokacin walda tsarkakakken nickel da ƙananan ƙarfe na carbon, lokacin da Ni daidai a cikin walda bai wuce 30% ba, a ƙarƙashin saurin sanyaya walda, tsarin martensite zai bayyana a cikin walda, yana haifar da filastik da taurin haɗin gwiwa don faduwa sosai. Sabili da haka, don samun mafi kyawun filastik da taurin haɗin gwiwa, Ni daidai a cikin weld na ƙarfe-nickel ya kamata ya fi 30%
Lokacin aikawa: Maris-10-2025